Preocupação e medo como preditores de fatalismo por COVID-19 no cotidiano de trabalho dos enfermeiros / Worry and fear as predictors of fatalism by COVID-19 in the daily work of nurses / Preocupación y miedo como predictores de fatalismo por COVID-19 en lo cotidiano laboral de enfermeros

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a preocupação e o medo da COVID-19 com o fatalismo no cotidiano de trabalho dos enfermeiros. Método: estudo transversal analítico, realizado com 449 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumentos validados no Peru. Na análise, foram utilizados o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, sendo estimados dois modelos de regressão múltipla, com seleção de variáveis por etapas. Resultados: os enfermeiros apresentaram nível moderado de fatalismo e baixo nível de medo e preocupação com a COVID-19. O primeiro modelo estatístico, que incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, explica apenas 3% da variância de fatalismo. No entanto, um segundo modelo que inclui medo e percepção explica 33%. Conclusão: a preocupação, o medo e ter sido diagnosticado com COVID-19 foram fatores preditores de fatalismo. Sugere-se a implementação de intervenções psicoemocionais no cotidiano de trabalho, voltadas para profissionais de Enfermagem que apresentem altos níveis de medo ou preocupação, para reduzir o fatalismo e, assim, prevenir consequências fatais da pandemia e promover a saúde.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the relationship between the concern and fear of COVID-19 with fatalism in the daily work of nurses. Method: analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 449 nurses. Data collection was performed using instruments validated in Peru. In the analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used, and two multiple regression models were estimated, with variable selection in stages. Results: nurses had a moderate level of fatalism and a low level of fear and concern about COVID-19. The first statistical model, which included sociodemographic variables, explains only 3% of the fatalism variance. However, a second model that includes fear and perception explains 33% of it. Conclusion: Worry, fear and having been diagnosed with COVID-19 were predictors of fatalism. It is suggested the implementation of psycho-emotional interventions in daily work - aimed at Nursing professionals who present high levels of fear or concern - to reduce fatalism and prevent fatal consequences of the pandemic and promote health.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la preocupación y el miedo al COVID-19 con el fatalismo, en lo cotidiano laboral de los enfermeros. Método: estudio transversal tipo analítico, realizado en 449 enfermeros. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante instrumentos validados en Perú. En el análisis se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y se estimaron dos modelos de regresión múltiple, con selección de variables por pasos. Resultados: los enfermeros presentaron un nivel moderado de fatalismo y un nivel bajo de miedo y preocupación por la COVID-19. El primer modelo estadístico que incluyó las variables sociodemográficas apenas explica un 3% de la varianza de fatalismo; sin embargo, un segundo modelo que incluye el miedo y la percepción explica el 33%. Conclusión: la preocupación, el miedo y el haber sido diagnosticado con COVID-19 fueron factores predictores de fatalismo. Se sugiere implementar intervenciones psicoemocionales en el cotidiano laboral - focalizadas en profesionales de Enfermería que presenten altos niveles de miedo o preocupación - para reducir el fatalismo y de esta manera prevenir consecuencias fatales de la pandemia y promover la salud.

El valor de la psicología cubana ante la pandemia por COVID-19 / The value of Cuban psychology in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Desde que la COVID-19 irrumpiera como pandemia en 2020, las sociedades cambiaron, y con ellas las ciencias. Hombres y mujeres de todas las ramas del conocimiento cuestionaron los fundamentos epistemológicos de sus saberes, incapaces desde sus prácticas habituales de solucionar un problema inédito, dada su extensión e implicaciones sociales. La inexistencia de una cura definitiva y la modificación frecuente de protocolos de atención, originaron el despliegue de estrategias para combatir la pandemia y contener su impacto en la subjetividad de las personas. La ciencia psicológica, muy alejada de posiciones elitistas, replanteó su quehacer en múltiples campos para adaptarse a la nueva situación. En este artículo se exponen criterios sobre el accionar de la psicología, que confirman su valor ante la pandemia por COVID-19. Las respuestas de esta ciencia abarcan la psicología clínica, de la salud, social y educativa. Las alternativas e intervenciones generadas no solo han permitido afrontar la situación actual, sino que, en alguna medida, se adelantan para prevenir afectaciones futuras (AU).

ABSTRACT Since the COVID-19 broke out as pandemic in 2020, the societies changed, and with them the sciences. Men and women from all branches of knowledge questioned the epistemological foundations of their knowledge, incapable of solving an unprecedented problem from their usual practices, given its extent and social implications. The absence of a definitive cure and the frequent modification of care protocols led to the deployment of strategies to fight the pandemic and contain its impact on people's subjectivity. Psychological science, far removed from elitist positions, reexamined its work in multiple fields to adapt to the new situation. This article presents criteria on the action of psychology, which confirm its value in the face of the pandemic by COVID-19. The responses of this science include clinical, health, social and educational psychology. The alternatives and interventions generated have not only made it possible to deal with the current situation, but are, to some extent, being advanced to prevent future effects (AU).

Conductas ansiógenas y depresivas en el personal de salud de Ecuador ante la emergencia covid-19 / Anxiogenic and depressive behaviors in Ecuador's health personnel in the face of the COVID-2019 emergency

RESUMEN Introducción: la covid-2019 es una de las grandes pandemias que ha azotado la humanidad, ocasionando millones de infectados y la muerte de miles de personas. Ecuador está entre los ocho primeros países de América Latina y el Caribe más afectados por la enfermedad, que ha generado un colapso en el sistema de salud y otras consecuencias dañinas, como la afectación de la salud mental de los profesionales que atienden a los pacientes infectados. Objetivo: identificar la presencia de conductas ansiógenas y depresivas en el personal de salud de Ecuador ante la emergencia sanitaria por covid-2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal de 400 profesionales de diversas áreas de la salud en Ecuador. Se utilizó una ficha sociodemográfica y la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, especialidad y sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión. Resultados: del total de profesionales estudiados, el 46,40 % presentó ansiedad, y en el 34,50 % se identificó sintomatología depresiva. Las puntuaciones más altas de ansiedad y depresión se reportaron en el personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: el estudio descriptivo mostró la presencia de conductas ansiógenas y depresivas en los trabajadores sanitarios, en especial en el personal de enfermería, seguido de médicos y psicólogos. Se demostró que los trabajadores de salud se encuentran en el grupo vulnerable a presentar afectaciones psicológicas derivadas del enfrentamiento a la pandemia covid-19 (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-2019 is one of the great pandemics that have struck humanity, causing millions of infected people and the deaths of thousands. Ecuador is among the top eight countries in Latin America and the Caribbean most affected by the disease, which has led to a collapse in the health system and other harmful consequences, such as affecting the mental health of professionals who care for infected patients. Objective: to identify the presence of anxiogenic and depressive behaviors in the health personnel of Ecuador in the face of the health emergency by COVID-2019. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 400 professionals from various health areas in Ecuador was carried out. A socio-demographic chart and the Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression were used. The variables age, sex, specialty and symptoms of anxiety and depression were studied. Results: of the total number of professionals studied, 46.40 % had anxiety, and in 34.50 % depressive symptoms were identified. The highest anxiety and depression scores were reported in the nursing staff. Conclusions: the descriptive study showed the presence of anxiogenic and depressive behaviors in health workers, especially in the nursing staff, followed by doctors and psychologists. It was shown that health workers are in the group vulnerable to having psychological effects arising from the confrontation with the COVID-19 pandemic (AU).

Acompañamiento emocional en adultos mayores ante la covid-19: una necesidad impostergable / Emotional support in elder people toward COVID-19: an urgent need

RESUMEN Los adultos mayores representan un grupo de importante vulnerabilidad ante la enfermedad, asociada muchas veces a pronósticos desfavorables. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamentar las posiciones teóricas que sustentan la importancia del acompañamiento emocional en adultos mayores ante la covid-19. Durante el proceso de investigación se buscaron los antecedentes históricos e investigativos sobre el tema, y se abordaron los principales preceptos relacionados con el mismo, así como estudios que demuestran su importancia. Se proponen herramientas teóricas para el apoyo social, que ofrecen la posibilidad de que los adultos mayores minimicen la presencia de estados emocionales negativos que se vivencian ante el virus SARS-CoV-2 en Cuba (AU).

ABSTRACT Elder people represent a group of significant vulnerability to the disease, often associated to unfavorable prognoses. The aim of the current work is substantiating the theoretical positions underpinning the importance of the emotional support in elder people toward COVID-19. The historical and research antecedents of the theme were looked for during the research and the main related precepts were approached, and also studies showing its importance. Theoretical tools for the social support are proposed; they offer the possibility for elder people to minimize the presence of negative emotional conditions that are experienced in Cuba with COVID-19 (AU).

Trabalhadoras da saúde face à pandemia: por uma análise sociológica do trabalho de cuidado / Female healthcare workers and the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil: a sociological analysis of healthcare work

Resumo Este texto tem como finalidade discutir o cuidado de trabalhadoras da área da saúde em face da Covid-19, sob a análise sociológica de autoras que o vêm discutindo enquanto um trabalho que é desempenhado, na sua maioria, pelas mulheres das classes populares, é desvalorizado e sofre baixa remuneração. É uma atividade que envolve as construções sociais das emoções e tem utilizado o corpo como um instrumento de trabalho no cuidado com o outro. Além disso, a precarização do trabalho em saúde na sociedade brasileira acirrada nas últimas décadas, como o aumento de contratos temporários, perdas de direitos trabalhistas, a sobrecarga das atividades, condições de trabalho precárias, dentre outros, soma-se com o aumento dos atendimentos médico-hospitalares diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Neste contexto, as trabalhadoras em saúde vivenciam as ausências de equipamentos de proteção individual, medo de contaminação pelo vírus, preocupações com filhos e familiares, vivências diante da morte e do adoecimento de si e de colegas de profissão. Este texto aponta para a necessidade de atenção governamental, bem como para a gestão do trabalho em saúde e dos órgãos de classe profissional, analisando as condições de trabalho que as trabalhadoras em saúde estão vivendo no enfrentamento da pandemia.

Abstract The article aims to discuss the care provided by female healthcare workers in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic, based on a sociological analysis by authors who discuss such care as devalued and poorly paid work performed to a large extent by low-income women. The work involves social constructions of emotions and has used the body as a work instrument in care for others. In addition, the increasingly precarious nature of health work in Brazilian society, aggravated in recent decades, with an increase in temporary contracts, loss of labor rights, overload of tasks, and adverse work conditions, among others, adds to the increase in medical and hospital care in the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, female healthcare workers experience lack of personal protective equipment, fear of coronavirus infection, concerns with their children and other family members, and illness and death of coworkers and themselves. The article highlights the need for government attention and management of healthcare work and professional societies, analyzing the work conditions female healthcare workers are experiencing in confronting the pandemic.

Auriculoterapia em profissionais de enfermagem na pandemia do coronavírus: estudo de casos múltiplos / Auriculotherapy in nursing professionals during the coronavirus pandemic: a multiple case study

Objetivou avaliar o efeito antes e depois de uma sessão de auriculoterapia nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse nos profissionais de enfermagem escalados para atuar na assistência durante a pandemia do coronavírus. Estudo de caso, com casos múltiplos e uma unidade de análise. Estabeleceu-se uma amostra por conveniência de 41 profissionais. Aplicou-se o instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e a escala de Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, antes e após uma sessão de auriculoterapia com protocolo de 10 acupontos. Teste de Wilcoxon e T emparelhado foram empregados para análise. Níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse apresentaram resultados significativos, cujas medianas reduziram de seis para quatro (p<0,001), nas variáveis depressão e ansiedade, e a média de estresse reduziu de 19,37 para 11,95 (p<0,001). A auriculoterapia foi efetiva na redução de distúrbios emocionais nos profissionais de enfermagem.

This study aimed to evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression and stress before and after an auriculotherapy session, in nursing professionals working during the coronavirus pandemic. Case study, with multiple cases and one unit of analysis. A convenience sample of 41 professionals was established. The sociodemographic characterization instrument and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale were applied before and after an auriculotherapy session with a 10-acupoint protocol. The Wilcoxon and t tests were paired for analysis. Anxiety, depression and stress levels showed significant results, the medians decreased from six to four (p<0.001), in the variables depression and anxiety, and the average stress decreased from 19.37 to 11.95 (p<0.001). Auriculotherapy was effective in reducing emotional disorders in nursing professionals.

Covid-19 social isolation in brazil: effects on the physical activity routine of families with children / Distanciamento social covid-19 no brasil: efeitos sobre a rotina de atividade física de famílias com crianças

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how Brazilian families with children aged under 13 years face the period of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, especially regarding the time spent on physical activity (PA), intellectual activity, games, outdoor activities and screen. Methods: An anonymous online survey was launched on March 24, 2020 in Brazil to assess how families with children aged up to 12 years are adjusting their daily routines to this situation. In the survey, each family reported the daily time each child spent in sedentary activity (sum of intellectual activities, play time on screen, playing without PA) and PA (sum of playing with PA and PA). Results: The main findings based on data from 816 children indicate that most parents consider there was a reduction in the time that children spend practicing PA; increase in screen play time and family activities, differences between sex were found regarding screen play time (boys>girls) and in playing without PA (girls>boys), and there was an age effect for all categories analyzed, with a tendency to increase the total time of sedentary lifestyle and complementary reducing the time of PA over age. Conclusions: The household routines of families during the period of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic confirm the general reduction tendency in PA time during childhood.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar como as famílias brasileiras com crianças abaixo de 13 anos enfrentam o período de distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19, principalmente no que diz respeito ao tempo gasto em atividade física (AF), atividade intelectual, brincadeiras, atividades ao ar livre e em tela. Métodos: Uma pesquisa on-line anônima foi lançada em 24 de março de 2020 no Brasil para avaliar como as famílias com crianças de até 12 anos estão ajustando suas rotinas diárias a essa situação. Na pesquisa, cada família relatou o tempo diário em que cada criança esteve envolvida em atividade sedentária (somatório de atividades intelectuais, tempo lúdico de tela, brincar sem AF) e AF (somatório do brincar com AF e da AF). Resultados: Os principais achados com base em dados de 816 crianças indicam que a maioria dos pais considera que houve redução no tempo em que as crianças passam praticando AF e aumento do tempo lúdico de tela e das atividades em família. Diferenças entre o sexo foram encontradas no tempo lúdico de tela (meninos>meninas) e no brincar sem AF (meninas>meninos), bem como efeito da idade para todas as categorias analisadas, com tendência para aumento do tempo total de sedentarismo e diminuição complementar do tempo de AF ao longo da idade. Conclusões: As rotinas domiciliares das famílias durante o período de distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19 confirmam a tendência geral decrescente do tempo de AF na infância.

Daños colaterales de la pandemia por COVID-19: ¿consecuencias inevitables? / Collateral damage from the COVID-19 pandemic: inevitable consequences?

Esta revisión narrativa describe el daño colateral de la pandemia de COVID-19, tanto en aspectos de la salud, como también sociales, educativos o económicos. Comunicamos el impacto mundial y local. Consideramos que varias de estas consecuencias eran inevitables, especialmente las sucedidas durante los primeros meses de una pandemia que se difundió a gran velocidad y con graves consecuencias directas en la morbimortalidad de la población. Sin embargo, luego de seis meses de su llegada a la Argentina, es oportuno revaluar la situación y replantearse si no se debería cambiar el enfoque para balancear la minimización del impacto directo de COVID-19 junto con la del daño colateral que las medidas para paliarlo produjeron. Es un desafío que no debe limitarse al sistema de salud. Debe encararse con un abordaje intersectorial amplio y con participación activa de la sociedad. Así como aplanamos la curva de COVID-19, cuanto más nos demoremos en aplanar las otras curvas de problemas sanitarios y sociales que se están generando, mayor será su impacto, tanto en el corto como en el largo plazo. (AU)

This narrative review shows the collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic, whether in health, social, educational or economic aspects. We report on the impact at the global and local levels. Many of these consequences were inevitable, especially in the first months of a pandemic that spread at great speed and with serious direct consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population. However, six months after the arrival in our country, it is an opportunity to reassess the situation and rethink whether the approach should not be changed to balance the minimization of the direct impact of COVID-19 with that of the collateral damage that mitigation measures produced. This is a challenge that should not be limited to the health system. It must be addressed with a broad intersectoral approach and active participation of society. Just as we flatten the COVID-19 curve, the longer we delay in flattening the other curves of health and social problems that are being generated, the greater the impact, both in the short and long term. (AU)

La repercusión de la COVID-19 en los servicios para los trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la Región de las Américas: resultados de una evaluación rápida, noviembre del 2020 / The impact of COVID-19 on mental, neurological and substance use services in the Americas: results of a rapid assessment, November 2020

Los eventos que causan un grado de estrés importante, como la pandemia de COVID-19, constituyen un factor de riesgo para la aparición, agudización o recaída de toda una gama de trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en especial en los grupos de población más vulnerables. En los estudios de ámbito nacional en la Región de las Américas se describe un aumento del desasosiego, la depresión, la ansiedad y el insomnio, entre otros, como resultado de la pandemia de COVID-19. Además, los casos de COVID-19 dan lugar a varias complicaciones neurológicas y mentales.Los eventos que causan un grado de estrés importante, como la pandemia de COVID-19, constituyen un factor de riesgo para la aparición, agudización o recaída de toda una gama de trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en especial en los grupos de población más vulnerables. En los estudios de ámbito nacional en la Región de las Américas se describe un aumento del desasosiego, la depresión, la ansiedad y el insomnio, entre otros, como resultado de la pandemia de COVID-19. Además, los casos de COVID-19 dan lugar a varias complicaciones neurológicas y mentales. Para comprender la repercusión de la pandemia en los servicios para los trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, la OMS elaboró una encuesta, que fue realizada por la OMS y la OPS y se envió a los puntos focales de salud mental designados para ello en los ministerios de salud de todos los Estados Miembros de la OMS. Este informe utiliza los datos presentados por los Estados Miembros de la OPS en respuesta a la encuesta para presentar un panorama general de la repercusión de la COVID-19 en tales servicios en la Región de las Américas. Esta información será útil para fundamentar la planificación y las respuestas destinadas a atenuar los efectos de la pandemia por los países de la Región.

Major stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic represent risk factors for the development, exacerbation and relapse of a range of mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders, particularly in the most vulnerable groups. National studies from the Region of the Americas, demonstrate increases in distress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, among other conditions, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, COVID-19 itself is associated with neurological and mental complications. This report is based on the results of a survey, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and implemented by the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which was sent to designated mental health focal points in ministries of health of all WHO Member States. It uses data submitted by PAHO Member States in response to the survey to provide an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on MNS services in the Region of the Americas. This information will help to inform planning and response to mitigate the effects by countries in the Region.

La autoayuda en tiempos de la COVID-19 / Self-help in times of COVID-19

Introducción: Ante la presencia del SARS-CoV-2, nuevo coronavirus y agente causal de la COVID-19, se ha desencadenado a nivel mundial una pandemia traducida en millones de enfermos y altas tasas de letalidad. Esta crisis presenta desafíos a todos los niveles, de ahí que la Psicología como ciencia del comportamiento, tenga la función no solo de predecir cómo va a afectar a las personas, sino cómo ayudar a reducir su impacto emocional. Objetivo: Proponer Boletines de autoayuda como herramientas de apoyo psicológico para el fomento de estrategias de afrontamiento ante la crisis generada por la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante un diseño de investigación - acción, este se estructuró como un proceso de difusión de innovaciones y siguió tres etapas de trabajo: conocimiento de la innovación, persuasión para la adopción de la innovación y decisión de adopción de la innovación Resultados: Hasta el cierre de este informe, se alcanzó un promedio de 23 930 visitas para la totalidad de los 10 boletines publicados. Se manifestó el predominio de visualizaciones en las féminas, sin embargo, coinciden hombres y mujeres en las edades comprendidas entre 25 - 34 años. Se valoraron de forma favorable los temas relacionados con el cuidado y el autocuidado; la familia; alteraciones en el comportamiento y adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Los comentarios realizados por los beneficiarios de las acciones de autoayuda propuestas, muestran la pertinencia para la situación de crisis actual. Se identificó una dinámica de cambio favorecedora a nivel reflexivo - vivencial y conductualAU)

Introduction: In the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus and causative agent of COVID-19, a pandemic has been triggered worldwide, resulting in millions of patients and high fatality rates. This crisis presents challenges at all levels, hence Psychology as a behavioral science, has the function not only of predicting how it will affect people, but also how to help reduce their emotional impact. Objective: Propose self-help bulletins as psychological support tools to promote coping strategies in the face of the crisis generated by COVID-19. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through an action-research design, this was structured as a process of diffusion of innovations and followed three stages of work: knowledge of innovation, persuasion for adoption of innovation and decision to adopt innovation Results: Until the closing of this report, an average of 23930 visits were reached for the totality of the 10 published bulletins. The predominance of visualizations in females was manifested, however, men and women between the ages of 25-34 years coincide. Issues related to care and self-care; family; behavioral alterations and older adults were favorably evaluated. Conclusions: The comments made by the beneficiaries of the proposed self-help actions show the relevance for the current crisis situation. A favorable dynamic of change was identified at the reflective-experiential and behavioral levelAU).

COVID-19 y su asociación con síntomas depresivos en población española / COVID-19 and its association with depressive mood symptoms in the Spanish Population

RESUMEN. Introducción: la emergencia sanitaria por el COVID-19 ha generado una conmoción mundial que conlleva una serie de problemáticas relacionadas con la salud, los factores psicosociales y la situación económica. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del confinamiento en el ánimo depresivo en población residente en España mayor de 18 años durante el estado de alarma provocada por la pandemia de la COVID-19, analizando, además, la posible incidencia de las variables sexo, edad, tamaño de la vivienda e ingresos económicos. Material y Métodos: diseño transversal, descriptivo y correlacional con metodología de carácter cuantitativo. El acceso a la muestra fue no probabilístico a través de la técnica bola de nieve. Para evaluar la condición de ánimo depresivo se utilizó la escala CES-D. Para recopilar los datos relacionados con el sexo, la edad, el tamaño de vivienda y la situación económica, se crearon preguntas ad hoc en la propia encuesta. Resultados: las mujeres presentan valores de ánimo depresivo superiores a los hombres. Además, los valores de ánimo depresivo son mayores cuanto menor es la edad. Las personas que residen en viviendas con un tamaño menor, presentan valores de ánimo depresivo superiores respecto a las personas que viven en residencias con superficies mayores. A su vez, las personas con peores condiciones económicas perciben mayores niveles de ánimo depresivo. Conclusiones: los resultados indican que los síntomas de ánimo depresivo y las consecuencias psicosociales en la población española durante el confinamiento, se encuentran condicionadas por el sexo, la edad, el tamaño de la vivienda y la situación económica(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a global commotion, leading to a series of problems related to health, psychosocial factors and economic situation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of confinement on depressive mood in Spanish residents who are over 18 years old during the state of emergency which was declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this paper aims to analyze the possible impact of some variables such as sex, age, size of dwelling and income. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design with quantitative methodology. Access to the sample was based on a non-probabilistic sampling through snowball technique. CES-D scale was used to evaluate the state of depressive mood. In order to collect data related to sex, age, size of dwelling and economic situation, ad hoc questions were included in the survey. Results: Women presented higher values of depressive mood than men. Furthermore, depressive mood values are higher in younger individuals. People who live in smaller dwellings showed higher values of depressive mood compared to those who live in larger dwellings. Similarly, individuals with less favorable economic conditions perceive higher levels of depressive mood. Conclusions: The results show that depressive mood symptoms and their psychosocial consequences in the Spanish population during confinement are conditioned by sex, age, dwelling size and economic situation(AU)

Actitudes frecuentes en una población de Alamar ante la COVID 19 en tiempo real / Frequent attitudes towards the COVID-19 in a population living in Alamar

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID 19 es una pandemia que afecta actualmente a 183 países. Hasta el momento ha causado amenazas para la salud física y la vida de las personas. Ha desencadenado variedad de problemas psicológicos y es campo de asistencia e investigación para los profesionales de la Psicología Objetivo: Caracterizar actitudes de una muestra de la población del área de salud del Policlínico "Mario Escalona Reguera" ante la pandemia COVID 19 en tiempo real. Material y Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Mario Escalona Reguera", en Alamar, Municipio Habana del Este, durante el mes de abril de 2020. Se utiliza la entrevista, (telefónica) como instrumento de recogida de información, haciendo análisis de contenido de las respuestas. Resultados: Se reconoce como enfermedad letal en primer lugar y se considera muy buena información televisiva, básicamente a partir de conferencia de prensa del MINSAP. Tristeza e irritabilidad son reacciones emocionales frecuentes. Los comportamientos en la familia contribuyen a disfrute familiar y retomar juegos tradicionales con los menores. Es interesante su valoración como aprendizaje en la vida. Conclusiones: Las actitudes hacia la pandemia están caracterizadas por conocimiento sobre esta, reacciones emocionales esperadas ante lo desconocido y acciones favorables hacia el interior de la familia. La confianza en orientaciones de Salud y políticas gubernamentales, pudieran explicar la indisciplina social aún presente en algunos individuos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently affecting 183 countries worldwide. Until now, it has threatened physical health and people´s lives and it has also led to several psychological problems. It is a field of assistance and research for professionals in Psychology. Objective: To characterize attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample that includes people living in the health area of "Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera" Teaching Polyclinic. Material and methods: A qualitative research was conducted in the health area of "Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera" Teaching Polyclinic in Alamar, Habana del Este Municipality on April, 2020. Data collection was carried out by telephone interview, making emphasis on the content of the responses. Results: COVID-19 is known as a lethal disease. In Cuba, a press conference of MINSAP as well as other communication media give detailed information to the people every day. Sadness and irritability are frequent emotional reactions. Family behaviors contribute to family enjoyment. Traditional games have gained importance in many families during confinement. The assessment of different topics related to the pandemic is also very important for learning to live with this situation. Conclusions: Attitudes towards the pandemic are characterized by the knowledge about the disease, expected emotional reactions towards unknown situations, and favorable actions to improve family functioning. The confidence in some health and political guidance could explain the social indiscipline that still exists in some individuals(AU)

Evaluación de un modelo remoto de seguimiento de pacientes embarazadas y puérperas con infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Evaluation of a remote control model for pregnant and post-partum patients with SARS-CoV-2infection

INTRODUCCIÓN: Ante el escenario de pacientes obstétricas diagnosticadas por la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), se hace imprescindible la necesidad de realizar un seguimiento adecuado tanto desde el punto de vista de obstétrico como del cuadro viral, durante el período de aislamiento domiciliario. Con este objetivo, se desarrolló un programa de seguimiento remoto por la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal (MMF) de nuestro centro, desde el diagnóstico de la infección hasta el alta médica según los criterios vigentes del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). OBJETIVO: Evaluar la satisfacción del paciente en el seguimiento remoto de embarazadas y puérperas con diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta anónima y voluntaria de satisfacción usuaria, a través de una plataforma online. El instrumento fue una adaptación de la versión en español del "Telehealth Usability Questionnaire" (TUQ) previamente validado. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un 94,5% de respuestas a la encuesta. El 86% de las pacientes evaluó como "Muy Bueno" o "Bueno" el control virtual. El 91% no experimentó problemas técnicos. El 14% de las pacientes prefiere un control virtual, el 26% presencial y el 60% un control mixto. El 80% cumplió todas sus necesidades con el control virtual. CONCLUSIONES: En el contexto de pandemia e infección por SARS-CoV-2, el seguimiento remoto ha sido evaluado globalmente en forma positiva con niveles aceptables de satisfacción de las pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Given the scenario of obstetric patients diagnosed with the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the need for proper follow-up both obstetric and of the infection, during the period of home isolation, is essential. A remote monitoring program was developed by the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit (MFM) of our center from the diagnosis of the infection until medical discharge according to the current criteria of the Ministry of Health (MINSAL). OBJECTIVE: To assess patient satisfaction of remote monitoring of pregnant and postpartum patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This is a descriptive-survey research. We performed a patient satisfaction survey through an online platform to pregnant and postpartum patients with remote monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 infection in our center. The survey was anonymous and voluntary. The instrument for this purpose was the Spanish adapted version of "Telehealth Usability Questionnaire" (TUQ) that has been previously validated. RESULTS: The survey was answered by 94,5% of the patients. The results show that 86% of the patients rated the virtual control as "Very Good" or "Good"; 91% did not experienced technical problems. 14% of the patients prefer virtual control, 26% prefer face-to-face control and 60% both virtual and face-to-face control. 80% fulfilled all their needs with virtual control. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 infection, remote monitoring has been positively evaluated with acceptable levels of patient's satisfaction.

Neuropsychiatric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in multiple sclerosis patients / Alterações neuropsiquiátricas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em pacientes com esclerose múltipla

ABSTRACT Background: This study reported on a variety of psychological reactions related to anxiety, sleep quality, depression, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), related to the Covid-19 quarantine experience. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuropsychiatric effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in MS patients and to analyze the risk factors contributing to psychological stress. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional survey study. Multiple assessment tools that are used in neurological practice, including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) were administered prospectively both during the early and the peak stages of COVID-19 outbreak (ESO and PSO, respectively). The survey forms were designed using SurveyMonkey and the participants were participating in the survey via a web link and QR code. Results: Fifty patients were included in the study. BDI scores, PSQI and FSI measurements, cognitive and social subscale scores and total FIS score, MSQOL-54 measurements, physical and mental subscale scores, and total MSQOL-54 score at PSO were significantly different than those at ESO. The body mass index values of the patients increased significantly at PSO compared to those measured at ESO. Conclusions: The results provide a basis for the development of psychological interventions that could minimize the prevalence of sleep disorders and depression and could improve patients' quality of life during the outbreak.

RESUMO Introdução: Este estudo relatou uma variedade de reações psicológicas relacionadas a ansiedade, qualidade do sono, depressão, fadiga e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com esclerose múltipla (EM), relacionadas à experiência de quarentena de COVID-19. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos neuropsiquiátricos da pandemia de Covid-19 em pacientes com EM e analisar os fatores de risco que contribuem para o estresse psicológico. Métodos: O estudo foi desenhado como um estudo prospectivo e transversal. Várias ferramentas de avaliação usadas na prática neurológica, incluindo Inventário de Depressão de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI), Escala de Impacto de Fadiga (Fatigue Impact Scale - FIS), Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI) e Qualidade de Vida da Esclerose Múltipla-54 (Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 - MSQOL-54) foram administrados prospectivamente durante o estágio inicial do surto de COVID-19 (EIS) e o estágio de pico do surto de COVID-19 (EPS). Os formulários da pesquisa foram projetados usando o SurveyMonkey e os participantes participaram da pesquisa por meio de um link da web e código QR. Resultados: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes no estudo. Os escores BDI, PSQI, FSI, subescala cognitiva e social e escore total do FIS, MSQOL-54, subescala física e mental e MSQOL-54 total no PSO foram significativamente diferentes dos do EIS. Os valores do índice de massa corporal dos pacientes aumentaram significativamente na EPS em comparação com os medidos na EIS. Conclusões: Nossos resultados são uma base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções psicológicas que podem minimizar a prevalência de distúrbios do sono e depressão e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes durante o surto.